Python Django
▌Introduction
We will use View and Template to
create a basic home page and custom 404 page.
▋Python 3.6.2
▋Django 1.11.5
▌Implement
▋Create an app
Go the the
root of your Django project and use the
following command to create an app with MTV.
$ python manage.py startapp app
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The
project now looks like this…
▋Templates
We are
going to create these HTML files(pages):
1. index.html
2. 404.html
3. 500.html
4. base.html
Lets use Django template
language on base.html to make it a base page for others.
▋base.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>{% block
title %}django-sample{% endblock %}</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-alpha.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.slim.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tether/1.4.0/js/tether.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-alpha.6/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="breadcrumb-item
active">Powered by Django</li>
</ol>
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1 class="display-3">{% block
header %}{% endblock %}</h1>
<p class="lead">
{% block
content %} {% endblock %}
<p class="lead">
<a class="btn
btn-primary btn-lg" href="{% url 'home'
%}" role="button">Home</a>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Notice template
tag: {%
url 'home' %} will bind the
url pattern which named “home”.
We will update the url patterns later.
We will update the url patterns later.
After the
base.html is done, write the header and content for other HTML.
I will
only make a sample for index.html
▋index.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block header %}HOME{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Welcome to django!
{% endblock %}
Furthermore,
we have to tell django to use our new Templates in path: $shopcart/app/templates
Open settings.py
and update the TEMPLATES: DIRS value
like this,
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,
'app/templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
▋Views
In
app/views.py, we will create the mapping functions for getting a Http request
and sending a Http response.
▋views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def home(request):
return
render(request, 'index.html')
def handler404(request):
return
render(request, '404.html')
def handler500(request):
return
render(request, '500.html')
Notice
that when we define functions like handler{HttpStatusCode}, django will automatically
response the custom template page for the HttpStatusCode. No need to set url
patterns on them.
▋Update url patterns
▋urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app.views import home
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', home, name='home'),
url(r'^admin/',
admin.site.urls),
]
▌Test
Let’s
first start the web server with DEBUG=true, django successfully shows our
custom home page.
We will
get a 404 debug mode page.
Start the
web server with DEBUG=false and we will get the custom 404 page.
$ export
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="shopcart.settings.prod"
$ python
manage.py runserver
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▌Reference
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